The 34th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the

United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The composition and pow ...

and the

United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the Lower house, lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the United States Senate, Senate being ...

. It met in

Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...

, from March 4, 1855, to March 4, 1857, during the last two years of

Franklin Pierce Franklin Pierce (November 23, 1804October 8, 1869) was the 14th president of the United States, serving from 1853 to 1857. He was a northern Democrat who believed that the abolitionist movement was a fundamental threat to the nation's unity ...

presidency A presidency is an administration or the executive, the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office of president of a state or nation. Although often the executive branch of government, and often personified by a ...

. The apportionment of seats in the

House of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entitles. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often c ...

was based on the Seventh Census of the United States in 1850. The Whig Party, one of the two major parties of the

era An era is a span of time defined for the purposes of chronology or historiography, as in the regnal eras in the history of a given monarchy, a calendar era used for a given calendar, or the geological eras defined for the history of Earth. Comp ...

, had largely collapsed, although many former Whigs ran as Republicans or as members of the "

Opposition Party Parliamentary opposition is a form of political opposition to a designated government, particularly in a Westminster-based parliamentary system. This article uses the term ''government'' as it is used in Parliamentary systems, i.e. meaning ''th ...

." The Senate had a Democratic majority, and the House was controlled by a coalition of Representatives led by

Nathaniel P. Banks Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union general during the Civil War. A millworker by background, Banks was prominent in local debating societies, ...

, a member of the American Party.

Major events

* March 30, 1855: Elections were held for the first

Kansas Territory The Territory of Kansas was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 30, 1854, until January 29, 1861, when the eastern portion of the territory was admitted to the United States, Union as the Slave and ...

legislature.

Missouri Missouri is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking List of U.S. states and territories by area, 21st in land area, it is bordered by eight states (tied for the most with Tennessee ...

ans crossed the border in large numbers to elect a

pro-slavery Proslavery is a support for slavery. It is found in the Bible, in the thought of ancient philosophers, in British writings and in American writings especially before the American Civil War but also later through 20th century. Arguments in favor o ...

body. * July 2, 1855: The Kansas territorial legislature convened in

Pawnee Pawnee initially refers to a Native American people and its language: * Pawnee people * Pawnee language Pawnee is also the name of several places in the United States: * Pawnee, Illinois * Pawnee, Kansas * Pawnee, Missouri * Pawnee City, Nebraska * ...

and began enacting proslavery laws. * November 21, 1855: Large-scale

Bleeding Kansas Bleeding Kansas, Bloody Kansas, or the Border War was a series of violent civil confrontations in Kansas Territory, and to a lesser extent in western Missouri, between 1854 and 1859. It emerged from a political and ideological debate over the ...

violence began with events leading to the ''

Wakarusa War The Wakarusa War was an armed standoff that took place in the Kansas Territory during November and December 1855. It is often cited by historians as the first instance of violence during the "Bleeding Kansas" conflict between anti-slavery and pro- ...

'' between antislavery and proslavery forces. * December 3, 1855 – February 2, 1856: The election for Speaker of the House was the longest and most contentious Speaker election in its history, due to sectional conflict over slavery and a rising anti-immigrant mood in the nation that contributed to a poisoned and deteriorating political climate. Further, no party had received a majority of the seats, while 21 members vied for the post of Speaker. The election took 133 ballots and two months, with

winning over

William Aiken Jr. William Aiken Jr. (January 28, 1806September 6, 1887) was the List of Governors of South Carolina, 61st governor of South Carolina, serving from 1844 to 1846. He also served in the state legislature and the United States House of Representative ...

by 103 to 100 votes. Banks, a member of both the nativist

Know-Nothing The Know Nothing party was a nativist political party and movement in the United States in the mid-1850s. The party was officially known as the "Native American Party" prior to 1855 and thereafter, it was simply known as the "American Party". ...

(American) Party and the

Free Soil Party The Free Soil Party was a short-lived coalition political party in the United States active from 1848 to 1854, when it merged into the Republican Party. The party was largely focused on the single issue of opposing the expansion of slavery into ...

, served one term as Speaker before Democrats regained control of the chamber in the 35th Congress. * January 24, 1856: President

declared the new Free-State Topeka government in ''

'' to be in rebellion. * January 26, 1856: First Battle of Seattle: Marines from the ''USS Decatur'' drove off Indian attackers after an all-day battle with settlers. * February, 1856:

Tintic War The Tintic War was a short series of skirmishes occurring in February 1856 in the Tintic and Cedar Valleys of Utah, occurring after the conclusion of the Walker War. It was named after a subchief of the Ute and involved several clashes between set ...

broke out in

Utah Utah ( , ) is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. Utah is a landlocked U.S. state bordered to its east by Colorado, to its northeast by Wyoming, to its north by Idaho, to its south by Arizona, and to it ...

. * February 18, 1856: The American Party (

Know-Nothings The Know Nothing party was a nativist political party and movement in the United States in the mid-1850s. The party was officially known as the "Native American Party" prior to 1855 and thereafter, it was simply known as the "American Party". ...

) nominated their first Presidential candidate, former President

Millard Fillmore Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800March 8, 1874) was the 13th president of the United States, serving from 1850 to 1853; he was the last to be a member of the Whig Party while in the White House. A former member of the U.S. House of Represen ...

. * May 21, 1856:

Lawrence, Kansas Lawrence is the county seat of Douglas County, Kansas, Douglas County, Kansas, United States, and the sixth-largest city in the state. It is in the northeastern sector of the state, astride Interstate 70, between the Kansas River, Kansas and Waka ...

, captured and burned by pro-

slavery Slavery and enslavement are both the state and the condition of being a slave—someone forbidden to quit one's service for an enslaver, and who is treated by the enslaver as property. Slavery typically involves slaves being made to perf ...

forces (the "

Sacking of Lawrence The sacking of Lawrence occurred on May 21, 1856, when pro-slavery settlers, led by Douglas County Sheriff Samuel J. Jones, attacked and ransacked Lawrence, Kansas, a town which had been founded by anti-slavery settlers from Massachusetts who ...

"). * May 22, 1856: Representative

Preston Brooks Preston Smith Brooks (August 5, 1819 – January 27, 1857) was an American politician and member of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina, serving from 1853 until his resignation in July 1856 and again from August 1856 until his ...

South Carolina )''Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no) , anthem = " Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind" , Former = Province of South Carolina , seat = Columbia , LargestCity = Charleston , LargestMetro = ...

attacking Senator

Charles Sumner Charles Sumner (January 6, 1811March 11, 1874) was an American statesman and United States Senator from Massachusetts. As an academic lawyer and a powerful orator, Sumner was the leader of the anti-slavery forces in the state and a leader of th ...

, beating him with a cane in the hall of the Senate, for a speech Sumner had made attacking Southerners who sympathized with the pro-

violence in

Kansas Kansas () is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka, and its largest city is Wichita. Kansas is a landlocked state bordered by Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the ...

"). Sumner was unable to return to duty for 3 years while he recovered; Brooks became a hero across the South. * May 24, 1856: Pottawatomie massacre * June 2, 1856: Battle of Black Jack * August 30, 1856:

Battle of Osawatomie The Battle of Osawatomie was an armed engagement that occurred on August 30, 1856, when 250–400 pro-slavery Border ruffians, led by John W. Reid, attacked the town of Osawatomie, Kansas, which had been settled largely by anti-slavery Free-Sta ...

* November 4, 1856:

1856 United States presidential election The 1856 United States presidential election was the 18th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 4, 1856. In a three-way election, Democrat James Buchanan defeated Republican nominee John C. Frémont and Know Nothing nominee ...

Democrat Democrat, Democrats, or Democratic may refer to: Politics *A proponent of democracy, or democratic government; a form of government involving rule by the people. *A member of a Democratic Party: **Democratic Party (United States) (D) **Democratic ...

James Buchanan James Buchanan Jr. ( ; April 23, 1791June 1, 1868) was an American lawyer, diplomat and politician who served as the 15th president of the United States from 1857 to 1861. He previously served as secretary of state from 1845 to 1849 and repr ...

defeated former President

, representing a coalition of "

" and Whigs, and

John C. Frémont John Charles Frémont or Fremont (January 21, 1813July 13, 1890) was an American explorer, military officer, and politician. He was a U.S. Senator from California and was the first Republican nominee for president of the United States in 1856 ...

of the fledgling Republican Party. * November 17, 1856: On the

Sonoita River Sonoita Creek is a tributary stream of the Santa Cruz River in Santa Cruz County, Arizona. It originates near and takes its name from the abandoned Pima mission in the high valley near Sonoita. It flows steadily for the first of its westwa ...

in present-day southern

Arizona Arizona ( ; nv, Hoozdo Hahoodzo ; ood, Alĭ ṣonak ) is a state in the Southwestern United States. It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is part of the Fou ...

, the

United States Army The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution.Article II, section 2, cla ...

established Fort Buchanan to help control new land acquired in the

Gadsden Purchase The Gadsden Purchase ( es, region=MX, la Venta de La Mesilla "The Sale of La Mesilla") is a region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States acquired from Mexico by the Treaty of Mesilla, which took effe ...

. * January 9, 1857: The 7.9 Mw

Fort Tejon earthquake The 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake occurred at about 8:20 a.m. (Pacific Time Zone, Pacific time) on January 9 in Central California, central and Southern California. One of the largest recorded earthquakes in the United States, with an estimate ...

affects

Central Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object. Central may also refer to: Directions and generalised locations * Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...

and

Southern California Southern California (commonly shortened to SoCal) is a geographic and Cultural area, cultural region that generally comprises the southern portion of the U.S. state of California. It includes the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the second most po ...

with a maximum

Mercalli intensity The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM, MMI, or MCS), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. It measures the eff ...

of IX (''Violent'').

Major legislation

*August 18, 1856:

Guano Islands Act The Guano Islands Act (, enacted August 18, 1856, codified at §§ 1411-1419) is a United States federal law passed by the U.S. Congress that enables citizens of the United States to take possession, in the name of the United States, of unclaim ...

, ch. 164,

Treaties

* January 26, 1855:

Point No Point Treaty The Point No Point Treaty was signed on January 26, 1855, at Point No Point, on the northern tip of the Kitsap Peninsula. Governor of Washington Territory, Isaac Stevens, convened the treaty council on January 25, with the S'Klallam, the Chima ...

signed in the

Washington Territory The Territory of Washington was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1853, until November 11, 1889, when the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Washington. It was created from the ...

. (Ratified March 8, 1859. Proclaimed April 29, 1859) * July 1, 1855:

Quinault Treaty The Quinault Treaty (also known as the Quinault River Treaty and the Treaty of Olympia) was a treaty agreement between the United States and the Native American Quinault and Quileute tribes located in the western Olympic Peninsula north of Grays ...

signed,

Quinault Quinault may refer to: * Quinault people, an Indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast **Quinault Indian Nation, a federally recognized tribe **Quinault language, their language People * Quinault family of actors, including * Jean-Baptis ...

and

Quileute The Quileute , are a Native American people in western Washington state in the United States, currently numbering approximately 2,000. They are a federally recognized tribe: the ''Quileute Tribe of the Quileute Reservation''. The Quileute peop ...

ceded their land to the United States. (Ratified March 8, 1859. Proclaimed April 11, 1859)

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section. During the elections for this Congress, opponents to the Democrats used the Whig party label inconsistently and not at all in some states. Hence in this Congress, and in accordance with the practice of the Senate and House, representatives not associated with the

Democratic Party Democratic Party most often refers to: *Democratic Party (United States) Democratic Party and similar terms may also refer to: Active parties Africa *Botswana Democratic Party *Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea *Gabonese Democratic Party *Demo ...

or the American Party are labeled as "Opposition." This is the first example in U.S. history of a form of

coalition A coalition is a group formed when two or more people or groups temporarily work together to achieve a common goal. The term is most frequently used to denote a formation of power in political or economical spaces. Formation According to ''A Gui ...

government in either house of Congress.

Senate

House of Representatives

The parties that opposed the Democrats joined a coalition and formed the majority. The Know Nothings caucused with the Opposition coalition.

Leadership

Senate

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...

: Vacant *

President pro tempore A president pro tempore or speaker pro tempore is a constitutionally recognized officer of a legislative body who presides over the chamber in the absence of the normal presiding officer. The phrase ''pro tempore'' is Latin "for the time being". ...

Jesse D. Bright Jesse David Bright (December 18, 1812 – May 20, 1875) was the ninth Lieutenant Governor of Indiana and U.S. Senator from Indiana who served as President pro tempore of the Senate on three occasions. He was the only senator from a Northern sta ...

(D), until June 9, 1856 **

Charles E. Stuart Charles Edward Stuart (November 25, 1810May 19, 1887) was a U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from the state of Michigan. Biography Stuart was born in New York, either near Waterloo, New York, or in Columbia County. He studied law, was admi ...

(D, June 9, 1856 – June 10, 1856 **

(D), June 11, 1856 – January 6, 1857 ** James M. Mason (D), from January 6, 1857

House of Representatives

Speaker Speaker may refer to: Society and politics * Speaker (politics), the presiding officer in a legislative assembly * Public speaker, one who gives a speech or lecture * A person producing speech: the producer of a given utterance, especially: ** I ...

(A) * Democratic Caucus Chairman: George Washington Jones

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1856; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1858; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1860. :'' Skip to House of Representatives, below''

Alabama (We dare defend our rights) , anthem = "Alabama (state song), Alabama" , image_map = Alabama in United States.svg , seat = Montgomery, Alabama, Montgomery , LargestCity = Huntsville, Alabama, Huntsville , LargestCounty = Baldwin County, Al ...

: 2. Clement C. Clay Jr. (D) : 3.

Benjamin Fitzpatrick Benjamin Fitzpatrick (June 30, 1802 – November 21, 1869) was the 11th Governor of the U.S. state of Alabama and a United States Senator from that state. He was a Democrat. Early life Born in Greene County, Georgia, Fitzpatrick was orphaned at ...

(D), from November 26, 1855

Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the South Central United States. It is bordered by Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, and Texas and Oklahoma to the west. Its name is from the Osage ...

: 2.

William K. Sebastian William King Sebastian (June 12, 1812May 20, 1865) was an American politician and lawyer from Helena, Arkansas. He represented Arkansas as a U.S. Senator, Democrat, from 1848 to 1861. Sebastian withdrew from the Senate at the start of the Civil W ...

(D) : 3. Robert W. Johnson (D)

California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...

: 1.

John B. Weller John B. Weller (February 22, 1812August 17, 1875) was the fifth governor of California from January 8, 1858 to January 9, 1860 who earlier had served as a congressman from Ohio and a U.S. senator from California, and minister to Mexico. Lif ...

(D) : 3.

William M. Gwin William McKendree Gwin (October 9, 1805 – September 3, 1885) was an American medical doctor and politician who served in elected office in Mississippi and California. In California he shared the distinction, along with John C. Frémont, of bein ...

(D), from January 13, 1857

Connecticut Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its cap ...

: 1.

Isaac Toucey Isaac Toucey (November 15, 1792July 30, 1869) was an American politician who served as a U.S. senator, U.S. Secretary of the Navy, U.S. Attorney General and the 33rd Governor of Connecticut. Biography Born in Newtown, Connecticut, Toucey pur ...

(D) : 3.

Lafayette S. Foster Lafayette Sabine Foster (November 22, 1806 – September 19, 1880) was a nineteenth-century American politician and lawyer from Connecticut. He served in the United States Senate from 1855 to 1867 and was a judge on the Connecticut Supreme C ...

(R)

Delaware Delaware ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Maryland to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. The state takes its name from the adjacent Del ...

: 1.

James A. Bayard Jr. James Asheton Bayard Jr. (November 15, 1799 – June 13, 1880) was an American lawyer and politician from Delaware. He was a member of the Democratic Party and served as U.S. Senator from Delaware. Early life Bayard was born in Wilmington, ...

(D) : 2. John M. Clayton (W), until November 9, 1856 :: Joseph P. Comegys (W), November 19, 1856 – January 14, 1857 ::

Martin W. Bates Martin Waltham Bates (February 24, 1786 – January 1, 1869) was a lawyer and politician from Dover, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a member of the Federalist Party, and then the Democratic Party, who served in the Delaware General Assembly an ...

(D), from January 14, 1857

Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...

: 1.

Stephen Mallory Stephen Russell Mallory (1812 – November 9, 1873) was a Democratic senator from Florida from 1851 to the secession of his home state and the outbreak of the American Civil War. For much of that period, he was chairman of the Committee on Na ...

(D) : 3.

David Levy Yulee David Levy Yulee (born David Levy; June 12, 1810 – October 10, 1886) was an American politician and attorney. Born on the island of St. Thomas, then under British control, he was of Sephardic Jewish ancestry: His father was a Sephardi from Mo ...

(D)

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...

: 2.

Robert Toombs Robert Augustus Toombs (July 2, 1810 – December 15, 1885) was an American politician from Georgia, who was an important figure in the formation of the Confederacy. From a privileged background as a wealthy planter and slaveholder, Toomb ...

(D) : 3.

Alfred Iverson Sr. Alfred Iverson Sr. (December 3, 1798March 4, 1873) was a United States representative and United States Senate, Senator from Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. Early life Born in Liberty County, Georgia, Liberty County, he attended private schools a ...

(D)

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolita ...

: 2.

Stephen A. Douglas Stephen Arnold Douglas (April 23, 1813 – June 3, 1861) was an American politician and lawyer from Illinois. A senator, he was one of two nominees of the badly split Democratic Party for president in the 1860 presidential election, which wa ...

(D) : 3.

Lyman Trumbull Lyman Trumbull (October 12, 1813 – June 25, 1896) was a lawyer, judge, and United States Senator from Illinois and the co-author of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Born in Colchester, Connecticut, Trumbull esta ...

(D)

Indiana Indiana () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th s ...

: 1.

(D) : 3.

Graham N. Fitch Graham Newell Fitch (December 5, 1809November 29, 1892) was a United States representative and senator from Indiana, as well as a brigade commander in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Early life and career Born in Le Roy, New Y ...

(D), from February 4, 1857

Iowa Iowa () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west. It is bordered by six states: Wisconsin to the northeast, Illinois to the ...

: 2.

George Wallace Jones George Wallace Jones (April 12, 1804 – July 22, 1896) was an American frontiersman, entrepreneur, attorney, and judge, was among the first two United States Senators to represent the state of Iowa after it was admitted to the Union in 1846 ...

(D) : 3. James Harlan (FS), until January 5, 1857 :: James Harlan (R), from January 29, 1857

Kentucky Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north; West Virginia and Virginia to ...

: 2. John B. Thompson (A) : 3.

John J. Crittenden John Jordan Crittenden (September 10, 1787 July 26, 1863) was an American statesman and politician from the U.S. state of Kentucky. He represented the state in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate and twice served as United ...

(A)

Louisiana Louisiana , group=pronunciation (French: ''La Louisiane'') is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It is the 20th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is borde ...

: 2.

Judah P. Benjamin Judah Philip Benjamin, QC (August 6, 1811 – May 6, 1884) was a United States senator from Louisiana, a Cabinet officer of the Confederate States and, after his escape to the United Kingdom at the end of the American Civil War, an English ba ...

(W) : 3.

John Slidell John Slidell (1793July 9, 1871) was an American politician, lawyer, and businessman. A native of New York, Slidell moved to Louisiana as a young man and became a Representative and Senator. He was one of two Confederate diplomats captured by th ...

(D)

Maine Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and north ...

: 1.

Hannibal Hamlin Hannibal Hamlin (August 27, 1809 – July 4, 1891) was an American attorney and politician who served as the 15th vice president of the United States from 1861 to 1865, during President Abraham Lincoln's first term. He was the first Republican ...

(D) to (R) on June 12, 1856, until January 7, 1857 ::

Amos Nourse Amos Nourse (December 17, 1794April 7, 1877) was a medical doctor who became a U.S. Senator from the state of Maine for a very short term. Born in Bolton, Massachusetts, he graduated from Harvard College in 1812 and from Harvard Medical School i ...

(R), from January 16, 1857 : 2. William P. Fessenden (W)

Maryland Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to ...

: 3.

James Pearce James Alfred Pearce (December 14, 1805December 20, 1862) was an American politician. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives, representing the United States House of Representatives, Marylan ...

(W) : 1. Thomas Pratt (W)

Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett language, Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut assachusett writing systems, məhswatʃəwiːsət'' English: , ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous U.S. state, state in the New England ...

: 1.

(FS) : 2.

Henry Wilson Henry Wilson (born Jeremiah Jones Colbath; February 16, 1812 – November 22, 1875) was an American politician who was the 18th vice president of the United States from 1873 until his death in 1875 and a senator from Massachusetts from 1855 to ...

(R)

Michigan Michigan () is a state in the Great Lakes region of the upper Midwestern United States. With a population of nearly 10.12 million and an area of nearly , Michigan is the 10th-largest state by population, the 11th-largest by area, and the ...

: 1.

Lewis Cass Lewis Cass (October 9, 1782June 17, 1866) was an American military officer, politician, and statesman. He represented Michigan in the United States Senate and served in the Cabinets of two U.S. Presidents, Andrew Jackson and James Buchanan. He w ...

(D) : 2.

(D)

Mississippi Mississippi () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee; to the east by Alabama; to the south by the Gulf of Mexico; to the southwest by Louisiana; and to the northwest by Arkansas. Miss ...

: 1. Stephen Adams (D) : 2. Albert G. Brown (D)

Missouri Missouri is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking List of U.S. states and territories by area, 21st in land area, it is bordered by eight states (tied for the most with Tennessee ...

: 1.

Henry S. Geyer Henry Sheffie Geyer (December 9, 1790March 5, 1859) was a politician, lawyer, and soldier from Missouri. Born in Frederick, Maryland, he was the son of John Geyer, saddler of Frederick Town. Geyer was of German descent, his father having come fro ...

(W) : 3.

James S. Green James Stephen Green (February 28, 1817January 19, 1870) was a Democratic Party (United States), Democratic United States Representative and United States Senate, Senator from Missouri. Early life and education Born near Rectortown, Virginia, ...

(D), from January 12, 1857

New Hampshire New Hampshire is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec t ...

: 2. John P. Hale (R), from July 30, 1855 : 3. James Bell (R), from July 30, 1855

New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...

: 1. John R. Thomson (D) : 2. William Wright (D)

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...

: 3.

William H. Seward William Henry Seward (May 16, 1801 – October 10, 1872) was an American politician who served as United States Secretary of State from 1861 to 1869, and earlier served as governor of New York and as a United States Senate, United States Senat ...

(R) : 1.

Hamilton Fish Hamilton Fish (August 3, 1808September 7, 1893) was an American politician who served as the 16th Governor of New York from 1849 to 1850, a United States Senator from New York from 1851 to 1857 and the 26th United States Secretary of State fro ...

(W)

North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and So ...

: 2.

David S. Reid David Settle Reid (April 19, 1813 – June 19, 1891) was the List of Governors of North Carolina, 32nd Governor of North Carolina, governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina from 1851 to 1854 and a U.S. Senator from December 1854 to March 1859 ...

(D) : 3.

Asa Biggs Asa Biggs (February 4, 1811 – March 6, 1878) was an American attorney, politician, and jurist who served as a member of both chambers of the United States Congress and as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for ...

(D)

Ohio Ohio () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Of the fifty U.S. states, it is the 34th-largest by area, and with a population of nearly 11.8 million, is the seventh-most populous and tenth-most densely populated. The sta ...

: 1.

Benjamin Wade Benjamin Franklin "Bluff" Wade (October 27, 1800March 2, 1878) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a United States Senator for Ohio from 1851 to 1869. He is known for his leading role among the Radical Republicans.

(R) : 3.

George E. Pugh George Ellis Pugh (November 28, 1822July 19, 1876) was a United States Democratic Party, Democratic politician from Ohio. He served in the United States Senate, U.S. Senate from 1855 to 1861. Early life Pugh was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was ...

(D)

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...

: 1.

Richard Brodhead Richard Brodhead (January 5, 1811September 16, 1863) was an American lawyer and politician from Easton, Pennsylvania. He represented Pennsylvania in both the U.S. House (1843 to 1849) and Senate (1851 to 1857). He was the father of U.S. Repres ...

(D) : 3.

William Bigler William Bigler (January 1, 1814August 9, 1880) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Democrat as the 12th Governor of Pennsylvania from 1852 to 1855 and as a member of the United States Senate for Pennsylvania from 1856 ...

(D), from January 14, 1856

Rhode Island Rhode Island (, like ''road'') is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is the List of U.S. states by area, smallest U.S. state by area and the List of states and territories of the United States ...

: 1. Charles T. James (D) : 2. Philip Allen (D)

South Carolina )''Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no) , anthem = " Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind" , Former = Province of South Carolina , seat = Columbia , LargestCity = Charleston , LargestMetro = ...

: 3.

Andrew Butler Andrew Pickens Butler (November 18, 1796May 25, 1857) was a United States senator from South Carolina who authored the Kansas-Nebraska Act with Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois. Biography Butler was a son of William Butler and Behethland ...

(D) : 2.

Josiah J. Evans Josiah James Evans (November 27, 1786May 6, 1858) was a United States Senator from South Carolina from 1853 to 1858. Evans was born in Marlborough district in South Carolina and lived most of his life there and in Darlington district, South Car ...

(D)

Tennessee Tennessee ( , ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked state in the Southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th-largest by area and the 15th-most populous of the 50 states. It is bordered by Kentucky to th ...

: 2. John Bell (W) : 1.

James C. Jones James ChamberlainJones's middle name is sometimes spelled "Chamberlayne." Jones (April 20, 1809 – October 29, 1859) was an American politician who served as the tenth governor of Tennessee from 1841 to 1845, and as a United States Senator from ...

(W)

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2 ...

: 2.

Samuel Houston Samuel Houston (, ; March 2, 1793 – July 26, 1863) was an American general and statesman who played an important role in the Texas Revolution. He served as the first and third president of the Republic of Texas and was one of the first two ...

(D) : 1.

Thomas J. Rusk Thomas Jefferson Rusk (December 5, 1803July 29, 1857) was an early political and military leader of the Republic of Texas, serving as its first Secretary of War as well as a general at the Battle of San Jacinto. He was later a US politician and ...

(D)

Vermont Vermont () is a state in the northeast New England region of the United States. Vermont is bordered by the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to ...

: 1.

Solomon Foot Solomon Foot (November 19, 1802March 28, 1866) was an American politician and attorney. He held numerous offices during his career, including Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives, State's Attorney for Rutland County, member of the Un ...

(R) : 3. Jacob Collamer (R)

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...

: 1. James M. Mason (D) : 2.

Robert M. T. Hunter Robert Mercer Taliaferro Hunter (April 21, 1809 – July 18, 1887) was an American lawyer, politician and planter. He was a U.S. representative (1837–1843, 1845–1847), speaker of the House (1839–1841), and U.S. senator (184 ...

(D)

Wisconsin Wisconsin () is a state in the upper Midwestern United States. Wisconsin is the 25th-largest state by total area and the 20th-most populous. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake M ...

: 1.

Henry Dodge Moses Henry Dodge (October 12, 1782 – June 19, 1867) was a Democratic member to the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate, Territorial Governor of Wisconsin and a veteran of the Black Hawk War. His son, Augustus C. Dodge, served as a ...

(D) : 3.

Charles Durkee Charles H. Durkee (December 10, 1805January 14, 1870) was an American pioneer, Congressman, and United States Senator from Wisconsin. He was one of the founders of Kenosha, Wisconsin, and was a Governor of the Utah Territory in the last five ye ...

(R)

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

List of United States representatives from Alabama, Alabama

: . Percy Walker (A) : . Eli S. Shorter (D) : . James F. Dowdell (D) : . William Russell Smith, William R. Smith (A) : . George S. Houston (D) : . Williamson Robert Winfield Cobb, Williamson R. W. Cobb (D) : . Sampson Willis Harris, Sampson W. Harris (D)

List of United States representatives from Arkansas, Arkansas

: . Alfred B. Greenwood (D) : . Albert Rust (D)

List of United States representatives from California, California

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . James W. Denver (D) : . Philemon T. Herbert (D)

List of United States representatives from Connecticut, Connecticut

: . Ezra Clark Jr. (A) : . John Woodruff (representative), John Woodruff (A) : . Sidney Dean (A) : . William W. Welch (A)

List of United States representatives from Delaware, Delaware

: . Elisha D. Cullen (A)

List of United States representatives from Florida, Florida

: . Augustus Maxwell (D)

List of United States representatives from Georgia, Georgia

: . James Lindsay Seward, James L. Seward (D) : . Martin Jenkins Crawford, Martin J. Crawford (D) : . Robert Pleasant Trippe, Robert P. Trippe (A) : . Hiram B. Warner (D) : . John Henry Lumpkin, John H. Lumpkin (D) : . Howell Cobb (D) : . Nathaniel Greene Foster, Nathaniel G. Foster (A) : . Alexander Stephens (D)

List of United States representatives from Illinois, Illinois

: . Elihu B. Washburne (O) : . James Hutchinson Woodworth, James H. Woodworth (O) : . Jesse O. Norton (O) : . James Knox (representative), James Knox (O) : . William Alexander Richardson, William A. Richardson (D), until August 25, 1856 :: Jacob C. Davis (D), from November 4, 1856 : . Thomas L. Harris (D) : . James C. Allen (D), until July 18, 1856, and from November 4, 1856 : . James L. D. Morrison (D), from November 4, 1856 : . Samuel S. Marshall (D)

List of United States representatives from Indiana, Indiana

: . Smith Miller (D) : . William Hayden English, William H. English (D) : . George G. Dunn (O) : . William Cumback (O) : . David P. Holloway (O) : . Lucien Barbour (O) : . Harvey D. Scott (O) : . Daniel Mace (politician), Daniel Mace (O) : . Schuyler Colfax (O) : . Samuel Brenton (O) : . John U. Pettit (O)

List of United States representatives from Iowa, Iowa

: . Augustus Hall (D) : . James Thorington (O)

List of United States representatives from Kentucky, Kentucky

: . Henry Cornelius Burnett, Henry C. Burnett (D) : . John P. Campbell Jr. (A) : . Warner L. Underwood (A) : . Albert G. Talbott (D) : . Joshua Jewett (D) : . John Milton Elliott, John M. Elliott (D) : . Humphrey Marshall (general), Humphrey Marshall (A) : . Alexander Keith Marshall, Alexander K. Marshall (A) : . Leander Cox (A) : . Samuel F. Swope (A)

List of United States representatives from Louisiana, Louisiana

: . George Eustis Jr. (A) : . Miles Taylor (politician), Miles Taylor (D) : . Thomas G. Davidson (D) : . John M. Sandidge (D)

List of United States representatives from Maine, Maine

: . John M. Wood (politician), John M. Wood (O) : . John J. Perry (O) : . Ebenezer Knowlton (O) : . Samuel P. Benson (O) : . Israel Washburn Jr. (O) : . Thomas Fuller (Maine), Thomas J. D. Fuller (D)

List of United States representatives from Maryland, Maryland

: . James Augustus Stewart, James A. Stewart (D) : . James Barroll Ricaud, James B. Ricaud (A) : . James Morrison Harris, J. Morrison Harris (A) : . Henry Winter Davis (A) : . Henry William Hoffman (A) : . Thomas Fielder Bowie, Thomas F. Bowie (D)

List of United States representatives from Massachusetts, Massachusetts

: . Robert Bernard Hall, Robert B. Hall (A) : . James Buffington (Fall River, Massachusetts), James Buffington (A) : . William S. Damrell (A) : . Linus B. Comins (A) : . Anson Burlingame (A) : . Timothy Davis (Massachusetts politician), Timothy Davis (A) : . Nathaniel Prentice Banks, Nathaniel P. Banks (A) : . Chauncey L. Knapp (A) : . Alexander De Witt (A) : . Calvin C. Chaffee (A) : . Mark Trafton (A)

List of United States representatives from Michigan, Michigan

: . William Alanson Howard, William A. Howard (O) : . Henry Waldron (O) : . David S. Walbridge (O) : . George Washington Peck, George W. Peck (D)

List of United States representatives from Mississippi, Mississippi

: . Daniel B. Wright (D) : . Hendley S. Bennett (D) : . William Barksdale (D) : . William A. Lake (A) : . John A. Quitman (D)

List of United States representatives from Missouri, Missouri

: . Luther M. Kennett (O) : . Gilchrist Porter (O) : . James J. Lindley (O) : . Mordecai Oliver (O) : . John Gaines Miller, John G. Miller (O), until May 11, 1856 :: Thomas Peter Akers, Thomas P. Akers (A), from August 18, 1856 : . John S. Phelps (D) : . Samuel Caruthers (O)

List of United States representatives from New Hampshire, New Hampshire

: . James Pike (representative), James Pike (A) : . Mason Tappan (A) : . Aaron H. Cragin (A)

List of United States representatives from New Jersey, New Jersey

: . Isaiah D. Clawson (O) : . George R. Robbins (O) : . James Bishop (Congressman), James Bishop (O) : . George Vail (D) : . Alexander C. M. Pennington (O)

List of United States representatives from New York, New York

: . William Valk (A) : . James S. T. Stranahan (O) : . Guy R. Pelton (O) : . John Kelly (New York politician), John Kelly (D) : . Thomas R. Whitney (A) : . John Wheeler (representative), John Wheeler (D) : . Thomas Child Jr. (O) : . Abram Wakeman (O) : . Bayard Clarke (O) : . Ambrose S. Murray (O) : . Rufus H. King (O) : . Killian Miller (O) : . Russell Sage (O) : . Samuel Dickson (American politician), Samuel Dickson (O) : . Edward Dodd (O) : . George A. Simmons (O) : . Francis E. Spinner (D) : . Thomas R. Horton (O) : . Jonas A. Hughston (O) : . Orsamus B. Matteson (O), until February 27, 1857 : . Henry Bennett (US politician), Henry Bennett (O) : . Andrew Z. McCarty (O) : . William A. Gilbert (O), until February 27, 1857 : . Amos P. Granger (O) : . Edwin Barber Morgan, Edwin B. Morgan (O) : . Andrew Oliver (New York politician), Andrew Oliver (D) : . John M. Parker (New York), John M. Parker (O) : . William H. Kelsey (O) : . John Williams (Rochester, NY), John Williams (D) : . Benjamin Pringle (O) : . Thomas T. Flagler (O) : . Solomon G. Haven (O) : . Francis S. Edwards (A), until February 28, 1857

List of United States representatives from North Carolina, North Carolina

: . Robert Treat Paine (North Carolina politician), Robert T. Paine (A) : . Thomas Hart Ruffin, Thomas H. Ruffin (D) : . Warren Winslow (D) : . Lawrence O'Bryan Branch (D) : . Edwin Godwin Reade, Edwin G. Reade (A) : . Richard Clauselle Puryear, Richard C. Puryear (A) : . Francis Burton Craige, F. Burton Craige (D) : . Thomas Lanier Clingman, Thomas L. Clingman (D)

List of United States representatives from Ohio, Ohio

: . Timothy C. Day (O) : . John Scott Harrison (O) : . Lewis D. Campbell (O) : . Matthias H. Nichols (O) : . Richard Mott (politician), Richard Mott (O) : . Jonas R. Emrie (O) : . Aaron Harlan (O) : . Benjamin Stanton (O) : . Cooper K. Watson (O) : . Oscar F. Moore (O) : . Valentine B. Horton (O) : . Samuel Galloway (O) : . John Sherman (politician), John Sherman (O) : . Philemon Bliss (O) : . William R. Sapp (O) : . Edward Ball (congressman), Edward Ball (O) : . Charles J. Albright (O) : . Benjamin F. Leiter (O) : . Edward Wade (O) : . Joshua Reed Giddings, Joshua R. Giddings (O) : . John Bingham (O)

List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania

: . Thomas Birch Florence, Thomas B. Florence (D) : . Job Roberts Tyson, Job R. Tyson (O) : . William Millward (O) : . Jacob Broom (congressman), Jacob Broom (A) : . John Cadwalader (congressman), John Cadwalader (D) : . John Hickman (Pennsylvania politician), John Hickman (D) : . Samuel Carey Bradshaw, Samuel C. Bradshaw (O) : . Jehu Glancy Jones, J. Glancey Jones (D) : . Anthony Ellmaker Roberts, Anthony E. Roberts (O) : . John Christian Kunkel, John C. Kunkel (O) : . James Hepburn Campbell, James H. Campbell (O) : . Henry Mills Fuller, Henry M. Fuller (O) : . Asa Packer (D) : . Galusha A. Grow (D) : . John Jamison Pearce, John J. Pearce (O) : . Lemuel Todd (O) : . David Fullerton Robison, David F. Robison (O) : . John Rufus Edie, John R. Edie (O) : . John Covode (O) : . Jonathan Knight (railroader), Jonathan Knight (O) : . David Ritchie (politician), David Ritchie (O) : . Samuel Anderson Purviance, Samuel A. Purviance (O) : . John Allison (Representative), John Allison (O) : . David Barclay (congressman), David Barclay (D) : . John Dick (US Congressman), John Dick (O)

List of United States representatives from Rhode Island, Rhode Island

: . Nathaniel B. Durfee (A) : . Benjamin B. Thurston (A)

List of United States representatives from South Carolina, South Carolina

: . John McQueen (D) : .

(D) : . Laurence M. Keitt (D), until July 15, 1856, and from August 6, 1856 : .

(D), until July 15, 1856, and from August 1, 1856, until January 27, 1857 : . James Lawrence Orr, James L. Orr (D) : . William Waters Boyce, William W. Boyce (D)

List of United States representatives from Tennessee, Tennessee

: . Albert Galiton Watkins, Albert G. Watkins (D) : . William Henry Sneed, William H. Sneed (A) : . Samuel Axley Smith, Samuel A. Smith (D) : . John Houston Savage, John H. Savage (D) : . Charles Ready (A) : . George Washington Jones (Tennessee politician), George W. Jones (D) : . John Vines WJohn V. Wright (D) : . Felix Zollicoffer, Felix K. Zollicoffer (A) : . Emerson Etheridge (A) : . Thomas Rivers (A)

List of United States representatives from Texas, Texas

: . Lemuel D. Evans (A) : . Peter Hansborough Bell, Peter H. Bell (D)

List of United States representatives from Vermont, Vermont

: . James Meacham (O), until August 23, 1856 :: George Tisdale Hodges, George T. Hodges (R), from December 1, 1856 : . Justin S. Morrill (O) : . Alvah Sabin (O)

List of United States representatives from Virginia, Virginia

: . Thomas H. Bayly (D), until June 23, 1856 :: Muscoe R. H. Garnett (D), from December 1, 1856 : . John S. Millson (D) : . John Caskie (D) : . William Goode (politician), William Goode (D) : . Thomas S. Bocock (D) : . Paulus Powell (D) : . William "Extra Billy" Smith, William Smith (D) : . Charles J. Faulkner (D) : . John Letcher (D) : . Zedekiah Kidwell (D) : . John S. Carlile (A) : . Henry A. Edmundson (D) : . LaFayette McMullen (D)

List of United States representatives from Wisconsin, Wisconsin

: . Daniel Wells Jr. (D) : . Cadwallader C. Washburn (O) : . Charles Billinghurst (O)

Non-voting members

: . John W. Whitfield (D), until August 1, 1856, and from December 9, 1856 : . Henry Mower Rice, Henry M. Rice (D) : . Bird B. Chapman (D) : . José Manuel Gallegos (D), until July 23, 1856 :: Miguel Antonio Otero (I), Miguel A. Otero (D), from July 23, 1856 : . Joseph Lane (D) : . John M. Bernhisel : . James Patton Anderson, James P. Anderson (D) 34 us house membership

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

, - , nowrap ,

New Hampshire New Hampshire is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec t ...

(2) , Vacant , Charles G. Atherton (D) died during the previous Congress.
Jared W. Williams (D) was appointed November 29, 1853, to continue the term, but his term was deemed expired July 15, 1854, and the legislature failed to elect a successor.
A successor was finally elected July 30, 1855. , nowrap , John Parker Hale (R) , July 30, 1855 , - , nowrap ,

(3) , Vacant , Legislature failed to elect on time.
Successor was elected. , nowrap , James Bell (R) , July 30, 1855 , - , nowrap ,

Alabama (We dare defend our rights) , anthem = "Alabama (state song), Alabama" , image_map = Alabama in United States.svg , seat = Montgomery, Alabama, Montgomery , LargestCity = Huntsville, Alabama, Huntsville , LargestCounty = Baldwin County, Al ...

(3) , Vacant , Legislature failed to elect on time.
Incumbent was then re-elected November 26, 1855. , nowrap ,

(D) , November 26, 1855 , - , nowrap ,

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...

(3) , Vacant , Legislature failed to elect on time.
Successor elected January 14, 1856. , nowrap ,

(D) , January 14, 1856 , - , nowrap ,

(3) , Vacant , Elected but took seat late on January 12, 1857. , nowrap ,

(D) , January 12, 1857 , - , nowrap ,

California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...

(3) , Vacant , Legislature failed to elect on time.
Incumbent was then re-elected January 13, 1857. , nowrap ,

(D) , January 13, 1857 , - , nowrap ,

Indiana Indiana () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th s ...

(3) , Vacant , Legislature failed to elect on time.
Senator elected February 4, 1857. , nowrap ,

(D) , February 4, 1857 , - , nowrap ,

Delaware Delaware ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Maryland to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. The state takes its name from the adjacent Del ...

(2) , nowrap , John M. Clayton (W) , Died November 9, 1856.
Successor was appointed. , nowrap , Joseph P. Comegys (W) , November 19, 1856 , - , nowrap ,

Maine Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and north ...

(1) , nowrap ,

(D) , Resigned January 7, 1857, to become Governor of Maine.
Successor was United States Senate special election in Maine, 1857, elected January 16, 1857. , nowrap ,

(R) , January 16, 1857 , - , nowrap ,

(2) , nowrap , Joseph P. Comegys (W) , Appointment expired January 14, 1857, upon successor's election. , nowrap ,

(D) , January 14, 1857 , - , nowrap ,

Iowa Iowa () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west. It is bordered by six states: Wisconsin to the northeast, Illinois to the ...

(3) , nowrap , James Harlan (FS) , Owing to irregularities in the legislative proceedings the Senate declared the seat vacant January 5, 1857.
Incumbent was subsequently re-elected January 29, 1857, to fill the vacancy caused by his ouster. , nowrap , James Harlan (R) , January 29, 1857

House of Representatives

* Replacements: 6 ** Democrats: 2 seat net loss ** Opposition: 4 seat net gain * Deaths: 4 * Resignations: 5 * Contested election: 1 *Total seats with changes: 10 , - , , Vacant , style="font-size:80%" , Rep-elect

resigned in previous congress after being elected to the US Senate , , James L. D. Morrison (D) , Seated November 4, 1856 , - , , , John Gaines Miller, John G. Miller (O) , style="font-size:80%" , Died May 11, 1856 , , Thomas Peter Akers, Thomas P. Akers (A) , Seated August 18, 1856 , - , , , Thomas Henry Bayly, Thomas H. Bayly (D) , style="font-size:80%" , Died June 23, 1856 , , Muscoe Russell Hunter Garnett, Muscoe R. H. Garnett (D) , Seated December 1, 1856 , - , , , Laurence M. Keitt (D) , style="font-size:80%" , Resigned July 15, 1856, after being censured in his role in the assault on US Senator

. He was subsequently re-elected to fill the vacancy , , Laurence M. Keitt (D) , Seated August 6, 1856 , - , , ,

(D) , style="font-size:80%" , Resigned July 15, 1856, after assaulting US Senator

. He was subsequently re-elected to fill the vacancy , ,

(D) , Seated August 1, 1856 , - , , , James C. Allen (D) , style="font-size:80%" , House declared on July 18, 1856, he was not entitled to seat. He was subsequently re-elected to fill the vacancy , , James C. Allen (D) , Seated November 4, 1856 , - , , , José Manuel Gallegos, José M. Gallegos (D) , style="font-size:80%" , Contested election July 23, 1856 , , Miguel Antonio Otero (born 1829), Miguel A. Otero (D) , Seated July 23, 1856 , - , , , John Wilkins Whitfield, John W. Whitfield (D) , style="font-size:80%" , House declared August 1, 1856, the seat vacant. He was subsequently re-elected to fill the vacancy , , John Wilkins Whitfield, John W. Whitfield (D) , Seated December 9, 1856 , - , , , James Meacham (O) , style="font-size:80%" , Died August 23, 1856 , , George Tisdale Hodges, George T. Hodges (R) , Seated December 1, 1856 , - , , , William Alexander Richardson, William A. Richardson (D) , style="font-size:80%" , Resigned August 25, 1856 , , Jacob C. Davis (D) , Seated November 4, 1856 , - , , ,

(D) , style="font-size:80%" , Died January 27, 1857 , Vacant , Not filled this term , - , , , Orsamus B. Matteson (O) , style="font-size:80%" , Resigned February 27, 1857 , Vacant , Not filled this term , - , , , William A. Gilbert (O) , style="font-size:80%" , Resigned February 27, 1857 , Vacant , Not filled this term , - , , , Francis S. Edwards (A) , style="font-size:80%" , Resigned February 28, 1857 , Vacant , Not filled this term

Committees

List of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

* United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Agriculture (Chairman: Philip Allen (Rhode Island politician), Philip Allen) * United States Senate Select Committee on the American Association for the Promotion of Science, American Association for the Promotion of Science (Select) * United States Senate Select Committee on Atmospheric Telegraph Between Washington and Baltimore, Atmospheric Telegraph Between Washington and Baltimore (Select) * United States Senate Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate, Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman:

) * United States Senate Committee on Claims, Claims (Chairman:

) * United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Commerce (Chairman:

then

) * United States Senate Select Committee on Distributing Public Revenue Among the States, Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select) * United States Senate Committee on the District of Columbia, District of Columbia (Chairman: Albert G. Brown) * United States Senate Committee on Engrossed Bills, Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Jacob Collamer) * United States Senate Committee on Finance, Finance (Chairman: Robert M. T. Hunter) * United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Foreign Relations (Chairman: James M. Mason) * United States Senate Select Committee on French Spoilations, French Spoilations (Select) * United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, Indian Affairs (Chairman: William K. Sebastian) * United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Judiciary (Chairman: Andrew P. Butler) * United States Senate Committee on the Library, Library (Chairman: James A. Pearce) * United States Senate Select Committee on Loss of Original Papers of Mark and Richard Bean, Loss of Original Papers of Mark and Richard Bean (Select) * United States Senate Select Committee on the Mexican Claims Commission, Mexican Claims Commission (Select) * United States Senate Committee on Manufactures, Manufactures (Chairman: William Wright (United States politician), William Wright) * United States Senate Committee on Military Affairs, Military Affairs (Chairman:

) * United States Senate Committee on the Militia, Militia (Chairman: Sam Houston) * United States Senate Committee on Naval Affairs, Naval Affairs (Chairman:

) * United States Senate Select Committee on the Ordnance and War Ships, Ordnance and War Ships (Select) * United States Senate Select Committee on the Pacific Railroad, Pacific Railroad (Select) * United States Senate Committee on Patents and the Patent Office, Patents and the Patent Office (Chairman: Charles T. James) * United States Senate Committee on Pensions, Pensions (Chairman:

) * United States Senate Committee on Post Office and Post Roads, Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Thomas J. Rusk) * United States Senate Committee on Printing, Printing (Chairman: Robert W. Johnson) * United States Senate Select Committee on Private Claims Commission, Private Claims Commission (Select) * United States Senate Committee on Private Land Claims, Private Land Claims (Chairman:

) * United States Senate Select Committee on Protection of Life and Health in Passenger Ships, Protection of Life and Health in Passenger Ships (Select) * United States Senate Committee on Public Buildings, Public Buildings (Chairman: James A. Bayard Jr., James A. Bayard) * United States Senate Committee on Public Lands, Public Lands (Chairman:

) * United States Senate Committee on Retrenchment, Retrenchment (Chairman: Stephen Adams) * United States Senate Committee on Revolutionary Claims, Revolutionary Claims (Chairman:

) * United States Senate Committee on Roads and Canals, Roads and Canals (Chairman:

) * United States Senate Select Committee on the Sickness on Emigrant Ships, Sickness on Emigrant Ships (Select) * United States Senate Select Committee on the Tariff Regulation, Tariff Regulation (Select) * United States Senate Committee on Territories, Territories (Chairman:

) * Committee of the whole, Whole

House of Representatives

* United States House Committee on Accounts, Accounts (Chairman: Benjamin B. Thurston) * United States House Committee on Agriculture, Agriculture (Chairman: David P. Holloway) * United States House Committee on Claims, Claims (Chairman: John Hickman (Pennsylvania politician), John Hickman) * United States House Committee on Commerce, Commerce (Chairman: Elihu B. Washburne) * United States House Committee on the District of Columbia, District of Columbia (Chairman: Orsamus B. Matteson) * United States House Committee on Elections, Elections (Chairman: Israel Washburn Jr.) * United States House Committee on Engraving, Engraving (Chairman: William H. Kelsey) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Navy Department, Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Thomas L. Harris) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department, Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: John Pettit) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the State Department, Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Preston S. Brooks) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Treasury Department, Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: Henry Waldron) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the War Department, Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Joshua H. Jewett) * United States House Committee on Expenditures on Public Buildings, Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Fayette McMullen) * United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Alexander C. M. Pennington) * United States House Committee on Indian Affairs, Indian Affairs (Chairman: Benjamin Pringle) * United States House Committee on Invalid Pensions, Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Andrew Oliver) * United States House Committee on Judiciary, Judiciary (Chairman: George A. Simmons) * United States House Committee on Manufactures, Manufactures (Chairman: Ezra Clark Jr.) * United States House Committee on Mileage, Mileage (Chairman: William H. Sneed) * United States House Committee on Military Affairs, Military Affairs (Chairman: John A. Quitman) * United States House Committee on the Militia, Militia (Chairman: John C. Kunkel) * United States House Committee on Naval Affairs, Naval Affairs (Chairman: Samuel P. Benson) * United States House Committee on Patents, Patents (Chairman: Edwin B. Morgan) * United States House Committee on Post Office and Post Roads, Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Daniel Mace (politician), Daniel Mace) * United States House Committee on Private Land Claims, Private Land Claims (Chairman: Gilchrist Porter) * United States House Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Edward Ball (congressman), Edward Ball) * United States House Committee on Public Expenditures, Public Expenditures (Chairman: Sidney Dean) * United States House Committee on Public Lands, Public Lands (Chairman: Henry Bennett (American politician), Henry Bennett) * United States House Committee on Revisal and Unfinished Business, Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Alvah Sabin) * United States House Committee on Revolutionary Claims, Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: David Ritchie (politician), David Ritchie) * United States House Committee on Revolutionary Pensions, Revolutionary Pensions (Chairman: Jacob Broom) * United States House Committee on Roads and Canals, Roads and Canals (Chairman: James Knox (Illinois politician), James Knox) * United States House Select Committee on Rules, Rules (Select) * United States House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, Standards of Official Conduct * United States House Committee on Territories, Territories (Chairman: Galusha A. Grow) * United States House Committee on Ways and Means, Ways and Means (Chairman: Jehu Glancy Jones, J. Glancy Jones then John S. Phelps) * Committee of the Whole (United States House of Representatives), Whole

Joint committees

* United States Congress Joint Committee on Amending the Constitution on Presidential and Vice Presidential Elections, Amending the Constitution on Presidential and Vice Presidential Elections * United States Congress Joint Committee on Enrolled Bills, Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Rep. James Pike (politician), James Pike) * United States Congress Joint Committee on the Library, The Library (Chairman: Rep. William Aiken Jr., William Aiken) * United States Congress Joint Committee on Printing, Printing (Chairman: Rep. Matthias H. Nichols) * United States Congress Joint Committee on the San Francisco Disaster, San Francisco Disaster

Caucuses

* House Democratic Caucus, Democratic (House) * Senate Democratic Caucus, Democratic (Senate)

Employees

List of federal agencies in the United States#Legislative branch, Legislative branch agency directors

* Architect of the Capitol: Thomas U. Walter * Librarian of Congress: John Silva Meehan

Senate

* Chaplain of the United States Senate, Chaplain: Henry Slicer (Methodism, Methodist), until December 4, 1855 ** Henry C. Dean (Methodism, Methodist), until December 8, 1856 ** Stephen P. Hill (Baptist), elected December 8, 1856 * Secretary of the United States Senate, Secretary: Asbury Dickins * Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate, Sergeant at Arms: Dunning R. McNair

House of Representatives

* Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives, Chaplain: None * Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, Clerk: John W. Forney, until February 4, 1856 ** William Cullom, elected February 4, 1856 * Doorkeeper of the United States House of Representatives, Doorkeeper: Nathan Darling * Messenger of the United States House of Representatives, Messenger: Thaddeus Morrice * Postmaster of the United States House of Representatives, Postmaster: Robert Morris (postmaster), Robert Morris * Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives, Sergeant at Arms: Adam J. Glossbrenner * Reading Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, Reading Clerks:

Notes

References

* *

External links

Statutes at Large, 1789-1875

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060601025644/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/index.html Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress]
U.S. House of Representatives: House History

* * {{USCongresses 34th United States Congress,